0.2sPaintings often hide an earlier stage of the artist's work beneath the visible surface.
6.0sConservators can sometimes study that stage with a technique called infrared reflectography.
12.5sThe basic idea is that materials respond differently to infrared radiation than they do to visible light.
19.7sMany paint layers become partly transparent in the infrared range, while carbon-based drawing materials tend to absorb infrared strongly.
29.0sA special camera can therefore record dark lines that lie underneath the paint.
34.4sThese lines may reveal an underdrawing, the preliminary sketch used to plan the composition.
40.5sSuppose an image shows that a painted hand was originally drawn several centimeters to the left.
46.2sThat difference suggests the artist changed the composition while working rather than simply copying a fixed design.
53.4sInfrared images can also reveal abandoned architectural lines or changes in the position of objects.
60.0sBut the method has limits.
62.3sIf an underdrawing was made with a material that reflects infrared much like the surrounding layers, it may remain invisible.
69.2sSo, when reflectography shows no hidden sketch, conservators cannot automatically conclude that the artist never made one.